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Who Are the the Ten Kings of the Underworld (King Yama)?

The ten judges of the dead

The Ten Kings of the Underworld are the ten rulers believed to judge the dead in the afterlife. King Yama (Yanluo Wang) is one of them.

When Wukong's lifespan runs out, his soul is tied up with rope and dragged off by messengers of the underworld. He wakes up and starts a rampage, and the Ten Kings appear together and treat him very humbly. Wukong has a judge bring him the Register of Life and Death, the book that records every being's lifespan, and blots out his own name and those of his monkey followers with a brush. The Ten Kings later report this to the Jade Emperor.

The idea of the Ten Kings grew out of a blend of Buddhism and Taoism. It also spread to Japan, where it is known through temple paintings of the Ten Kings.

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